Top Air Purifier Reviews

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What is MERV Rating for Air Filters?

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Introduction

The discussion below is about MERV rating for air filters. You use air filters in air cleaners which are also known as air purifiers. Air conditioners and furnaces also use MERV rated filters.

What is MERV or the Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value?

MERV or Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value measures the performance of large air purifiers in cleaning a whole house or building. It demonstrates how efficient an air filter is at catching particles of various sizes. The higher the MERV the better the filtration properties of a filter.

Clean Air Delivery Ratings or CADR measures the performance in smaller portable air purifiers.

Link to CADR Article

The Environmental Protection Agency defines MERV as:

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Values, or MERVs, report a filter’s ability to capture larger particles between 0.3 and 10 microns (µm).

Environments Protection Agency

MERV measures the performance of different filters. It then goes on a say that the higher the filters rating the better it is at trapping certain particles.

Some of the common air contaminants are pollen, bacteria, pet hair, dust mites, carpet fibres and tobacco smoke.

How were MERV Ratings created?

Created by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), in 1987. They were based on older standards created by the ASHRAE called “Standard 52” which was the first formal method of testing air purifiers.

Donald Newell states that the previous standards tested the following properties of a filter:

1. Particle removal capacity, 2. Resistant to airflow, 3. Expected operation life

Donald Newell’s paper

But MERV only measure the first of these qualities which is particle removal capacity.

MERV rating measure the effectiveness of a filter to trap particles if different sizes.

How the MERV Ratings are Calculated

MERV values can range from 1 to 20. The higher the value the less particles or contaminants can pass through the filter. MERV ratings are determined by completing a series of tests for each air cleaner. Twelve categories of different sized particles introduced into the test air. The 12 categories divided into 3 size ranges called E1, E2 and E3. Each of these ranges has 4 further sub ranges.

  • E1 0.3 to 1.0 µm.
  • E2 1.0 to 3.0 µm
  • E3 3.0 to 10.0 µm.

The size of the particles which range from the smallest diameter to 0.3 to the largest 10 micrometers (µm). For comparison, a human hair is about 50 µm in diameter. The particles then pass through the filter and the density of the particles recorded before and after passing through the filter. The size of particles ranges from 0.3-0.4 micrometers (microns) to larger particles from 7 to 10 micrometers. The lab completes the test six times. So, there are six results for each of the 12 categories, a total of 72 tests in all. The final count is a plus the total number of particles in the air originally converts into a percentage. The MERV is determined by the worst achieving result. That is why it is known as the minimum ERV. Here’s how Air Filter MERV Ratings relate to the size of particle trapped:

  • MERV 1 to 4— <20% of large particles (3 to 10 microns) captured
  • 5 to 7—Between 20% and 69% of large particles captured
  • 8 to 10—Approximately 85% of large particles and 50% of small particles (1.0 to 3.0 microns) captured
  • 11 to 16—More than 90% of large particles and between 70% and 90% of small particles captured
  • 17 to 20—Even the smallest particles (< 0.3 microns) captured

Is a higher MERV rating better?

Not in every case. It is not so simple as the higher the value the better the filter is for you. A filter with a higher MERV rating has smaller pores. This makes it more difficult for the air to flow through. This can create more resistance in the running of your HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system) which can make it more inefficient to run. Reducing the air flow generated can worsen the air quality in your home and damage the fan on your air conditioning unit.

You need to choose the highest MERV rating recommended for your machine. If you are using a filter with a higher MERV rating than that recommended by the manufacturer this means that you HVAC system must work harder to maintain the same airflow. This could put more pressure on your system and possibly damaging it. Therefore, you should always use the filter with the MERV rating recommended by the manufacturer.

Filter with a MERV rating of 7 to 12 are suitable for removing most particles in a domestic situation. A MERV rating 8 can filter out contaminants such as pollen, saw dust and mold spores. Hospital generally use filters with a MERV rating of 13 to 16. A MERV rating 13 with smaller pores can filter out bacteria and tobacco smoke. Clean rooms, surgical operating rooms and areas requiring absolute cleanliness generally use MERV rating of 17 to 20. Filters with higher MERV rating filter require more frequent replacing. Although lower rated MERV filters are less efficient over all they allow more air flow which can help your HVAC system.

MERV Rating Charts

There are various MERV rating charts available. This chart shows the pollutant types filtered out at each MERV rating. Link: http://www.mechreps.com/PDF/Merv_Rating_Chart.pdf

What MERV rating filter would you use in your home?

The filter in a HVAC system traps dust, allergens, and bacteria. and mold. The MERV rating shows how effectively a filter prevents dust and other particles passing through a filter into the airstream. Medium efficiency filter from 7 to 13 are best at removing small to large particles. These can be as effective as HEPA filter art controlling indoor air particles. These filters are generally more expensive than HEPA filters.

The air filters are quieter and allow more airflow in the HVAC fans than HEPA filters because they have less airflow resistance. ASHRAE recommend fitting of rating 13 for HVAC systems home air conditioning. But check your system can cope with this filter. As a higher rating filter will mean less air flow and higher electricity costs. If your system can not cope with this rating, go for the highest rating recommended for your HVAC system. HEPA filters help improve air quality. HEPA stands for High Efficiency Particulate Air. Link to HEPA Page You need to change your MERV filter more regularly with higher MERV rate filters.

Otherwise, they become clogged which then restricts the air flow. This makes them less efficient and can damage the machine. A higher MEV rated filter is usually thicker which means the HVAC unit must work harder to pump the air around the system. So, the energy costs are more expensive. MERV 5 to 8 rating is generally good to remove dust, mold spores and pollen. If you suffer from allergies a higher rated MERV between 10 -12 would be good. As this filter can trap particles as low as 1 micron such as pollen, mold spores and automobile exhaust.

The filter has two main types, pleated and non-pleated. The pleated is usually a higher MERV rating and more expensive. A MERV rating of between 10 -12 should be sufficient to remove allergy causing particles such as dust, pollen, and pet dander. Some of the better-quality air filter have a carbon layer which is useful to remove odours such as pet smells.

Pre-Filters vs. Final Filters

Final filters are the primary filter in an HAVC system or in standalone air conditioners. If used the pre-filters filter out the larger particles in the air flow and the final filter filters out the remaining smaller particles. This has the advantage of prolonging the life of the expensive final filter.

How often should I change my air filter?

How regularly you change your air filter can depend on several factors: 1. Air filter model 2. The quality of indoor air 3. Number of people in the household 4. Number of Pets 5. Level of pollution outside the home Manufactures usually recommend that you replace basic filters every 3 months. If you suffer from allergies, you can change them more frequently.

How to compare air cleaners?

The MOD method is the only measure to particle reduction by high grade filters. The Federal Government use this method. This is the MOD system used by the military for high grade air filters. 

However, there are two private trade associations which have set standards for the rating of removal of particles from the air by system or portable air cleaners.

They are the ASHRAE and the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) The standards measure how effective an air cleaner is in removing particles from the air, used in comparing different models. These standards only measure the effectiveness of removing particles from the air. There are no standards for how effective air cleaners are at removing gaseous pollutants from the air. There is no conclusive research to show how effective different models of air cleaner are at removing these pollutants.

What is pressure drop?

Pressure drop is air resistance. Your air filter is a barrier between your HVAC system and your vents. That slows down the amount of air that can pass through your vents to your system. The amount air flows slowed by the filter is its pressure drops. The pressure drop varies according to how tightly woven is the fabric of the filter. The more tightly woven the harder for the air to pass through and therefore the greater the pressure drop. All filters will result in some pressure drop.

Fiberglass filters with a MERV rating of 1-4 have some pressure drop. But as there is only a small drop in air flow this has little effect on air quality. This is because they are highly porous letting small particles pass through the filter and only trapping some of the larger particles. Pleated filters have a higher MERV rating of between 8 and 15. These are pleated filters which can filter out small particles effectively with only a slight pressure drop.

These filters do initially have an initial pressure drop but if you change the filters regularly this does not harm your HVAC systems. As you use the filter after a time dust, dirt and mold will become trapped in your filer reducing air flow and increasing pressure drop. Replacing your filter every two to three months will retain your HVAC system performance.

The MERV filter recommended for preventing the transmission of airborne illnesses such as COVID-19?

Although ASHRAE does not recommend a specific MERV rating to cope with preventing COVID infections it does suggest upgrading systems to MERV rating 13 or highest possible achievable in emergency plans. 

HVAC systems may decrease people’s exposure to airborne pathogens that spread COVID 19 and other diseases. Most HVAC system come fitted with filters of MERV rating of 8 and above. A filter with MERV rating of 13 and above can trap viruses. Upgrading to a HVAC filter rating filter could improve your systems ability to trap viruses. HVAC systems can be adapted to fit these filters. You can also consider running your filter either continuously or more frequently. In some systems you can run the fan without heating or cooling. Remember that air cleaners alone will not stop CIVID 19 viruses.

Limitations of the MERV Rating System

The MERV rating can only predict the size of particles it removes from the air. But gases are also a pollutant and the MERV rating is of no use for them. Newell states that air filters:

are likely to perform worse than predicted because of various installation conditions.

Donald Newell’s paper

MERV rating assigned under perfect laboratory conditions and may not be accurate in real world situations. This is known as the installation affect.

MERV rating are only applicable to air cleaner used in whole building and are not effective for small portable air cleaners.

Conclusion

The MERV Rating is a useful way to determine the capacity of large air cleaners. Calculated by testing filters. The worst-case performance of the test then used to calculate the MERV rating. There are other factors to consider when buying an air filtration system. You should not go just for the system with the largest MERV.

Do Air Purifiers Really Remove Viruses?

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Can Viruses Be Filtered By Air Purifiers?

Because viruses are to small, most air purifiers cannot capture them effectively, although most claim to in their promotional material. Air purification systems that have HEPA filters, ultraviolet lights and electrostatic filters achieve the best results since none alone can guarantee consistent removal and eradication of viruses from the air stream.

HEPA Filters

HEPA filters have been used in biomedical applications since the 1940s to prevent the spread of airborne bacteria and viral organisms. Specific requirements for different types of HEPA classifications range from cleanroom quality to true HEPA filters to HEPA-like filters. True HEPA filters are available for the residential market and they are regulated by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to be 99.997% efficient, allowing no more than 3 particles in 10,000 to penetrate the filter. Even the best HEPA filter will not kill viruses, however, and can lose its effectiveness at trapping viruses as the particulate matter builds up and causes more resistance to the airflow.

Air purifier manufacturer IQ Air has claimed to develop a HyperHEPA (IQ Air’s trademarked name for this technology) filter capable of removing particles down to .003 microns in size with 99.5% efficiency.  This is 100 times more effective than sta  IQ Air backs up its claims by measuring each shipped air purifier with a laser particle counter.  Conceivably, these IQ Air models could be the most effective units on the market in filtering viruses. Even though these purifiers are used in some hospitals and clean rooms, according to the EPA there is no standardized test available to measure the effectiveness of virus filtration.

Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation (UVGI)

Health care professionals use ultraviolet lights to neutralize airborne microorganisms like germs, bacteria or viruses, although some mold and bacteria spores are resistant to UV radiation. For residential applications, however, the EPA warns that there is no standard to measure the effectiveness of UV cleaners and portable units and they probably have a limited effectiveness in combating viruses.

For UV lights to be most effective they need to be exposed to the air flow longer than most residential units allow. Therefore, the most effective air purifier designs direct the UV lamp onto the HEPA filter so the particles trapped by the filter are treated by the UV lamp for a sufficient period of time to destroy the viruses.

Electrostatic Precipitators

This method of air purification uses opposing charges to cause particulates to stick together and fall out of the air and land on a collection plate. Filters capture very fine particulates, including viruses, but it does not kill them. According to EPA studies, efficiency declines rapidly as the collection plates become covered with debris and must be changed often if they are the sole air purification method. When combined with a HEPA filter and UV lamps, however, electrostatic units maintain their effectiveness much longer.

Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO)

PCO cleaners uses hydroxyl radicals to remove gaseous pollutants but does not remove particulates. The EPA cautions that PCO cleaners’ effectiveness in residential settings is limited, and testing has produced inconclusive evidence of their effectiveness against volatile organic compounds (VOC). In fact, some PCO devices were found to produce new indoor air pollutants while failing to destroy existing pollutants.

Ozone Generators

According to the EPA, ozone generators can be a threat to public health despite claims they neutralize odors and irritants in the air. Although studies have proven that ozone removes certain biological contaminants from the air, data suggest that the resulting concentration of ozone would exceed acceptable standards, up to 5 to 10 times higher than recommended. Air purifiers that emit small amounts of ozone — .01 to .02 or less — are safe and do assist in removing viruses from the air stream.

Conclusion

  • The EPA’s August 2009 report on air cleaner effectiveness indicates that standards are needed to guide tests in determining the effectiveness of air purifiers on virus removal.  Currently, no standard exists.
  • Bottom line – Inconclusive.  HEPA filters may be able to capture some viruses and prolonged ultraviolet light may be able to kill viruses but with the lack of testing standards, effectiveness is currently unable to be determined.

Source information:

The Top Ten Sources of Indoor Air Pollution in the Home

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Introduction

Indoor air pollution can be a serious health risk. Studies by the Environment Protection Agency have shown that the air inside buildings is often two to five times more polluted than the air outside, and sometime much more.

One thing we must keep in mind is how many different sources of pollution can contribute to lowering the air quality of our indoor spaces. The term “indoor air pollution” is an umbrella which covers a wide array of unhealthy material which can have different effects on the human body. This article will examine (in no particular order), the ten most common sources of air pollution in American homes, as identified by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). For each item, we will focus on three things: what these pollutants are and where they come from, what health effects they have on humans, and how you can deal with them so that your home is as pollution-free as possible.

CPSC recommends stopping the sources of indoor air pollution as the first strategy to keep the air clean in your home. The second is improving ventilation in your home, so that the following toxins do not stay trapped inside. The third is making use of quality air purification devices.

Most of the information below is based on material provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) or the CPSC.

1. Radon

(Source:Wikipedia.  Author: Greg Robson)

Radon is a highly radioactive gas that can be introduced into the home through the ground beneath it, well water, and the building materials that constitute your house or apartment. Part of what makes radon so dangerous is the fact that it is colorless, tasteless, and odorless, and that it produces no immediate symptoms, which means that you will normally be completely unaware that you are inhaling it. The CPSC states that one study has indicated that radon is over three times as prevalent in homes as in the outdoors.

Inhalation of radon is linked to lung cancer, and the CPSC estimates that it causes between 7,000 and 30,000 lung cancer deaths every year. For smokers, radon exposure increases the risk of cancer even further, as radon can attach itself to the smoke and lodge itself in the lungs.

Fortunately, testing for radon is relatively inexpensive and easy to do using readily available radon testing kits. It is a good idea to test your home, and if radon levels are higher than 4 pci/L, take steps to reduce it. Contact a professional to help you.

Air purifier effectiveness – None.  Radon must be vented to the outdoors.

2. Environmental Tobacco Smoke (Secondhand Smoke)

The chemicals that resulting from smoking will remain in the air after the cigareete has been finished.

The health risks of smoking are too well known to need any in-depth discussion here. Environmental tobacco smoke carries risks similar to that caused by directly smoking. These include lung cancer and heart disease as well as irritation of the eyes nose etc. It can also exacerbate asthma and cause other health problem.

This is one source of pollution that is very easy to control: simply don’t smoke inside your home or let others do so. By choosing to keep your home smoke free, you can eliminate one major source of indoor air contamination entirely.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Medium.  Many air purifiers successfully remove a portion of tobacco smoke from the air.  Effectiveness varies by model.

3. Biological Sources

(Image Author: Infogramation)

Remember that you are not the only life form that calls your house or apartment home. From pets, to insects, to mold and mildew, all the living things around you make their own contributions to the pollution in your air.

Biological pollutants can cause irritation of the eyes and nose and asthma. There are plenty of reasons you don’t want bugs, mold, or mildew infesting your home; their contribution to air pollution should be one of them.

Unlike environmental tobacco smoke, there is no way to completely rid your home of this pollution source. But you can still take some simple steps to reduce it. Moisture encourages the growth of mold and mildew, for instance, so minimize moisture by making sure you have no leaks and using exhaust fans and ventilators if you have them. Be sure to dust and vacuum regularly as well. Wash your bedding in hot water to kill the mites that like to make their home there, and wash your rugs as well. Keep your home clean in order not to attract cockroaches and other pests. One caution to keep in mind: try to avoid using chemical pesticides when other means of pest control are available, as pesticides themselves are a source of indoor air pollution as well (see #9 below.)

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Minimal.  Some airborne mold particles may be captured but mold must be removed at the source where it grows.

4. Carbon Monoxide

Like radon, carbon monoxide (CO for short) is colorless, tasteless, and odorless, and therefore particularly insidious. Environmental tobacco smoke is one source of CO, but there are many others, including gas stoves and heaters, wood stoves, chimneys, and furnaces. Automobiles also produce CO, so attached garages increase the risk as well.

CO attacks, among other things, your bloodstream and central nervous system. Exposure to low-level doses of carbon monoxide will leave you feeling sluggish, which means an inexplicable lethargy is a good early warning sign. Heavier levels of ingestion can cause nausea, dizziness, headaches, and a lack of coordination. Carbon monoxide is fatal when you come into contact with too much of it.

Keeping the CO sources listed above in proper working order and well ventilated will reduce the risk of CO poisoning. Also, you should install CO detectors in your house or apartment; they are cheap and easy to find and should be a standard accessory in every home.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – None.  Sources of CO2 pollution must be eradicated.

5. Nitrogen Dioxide

(Image author: SJu)

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) comes from many of the same sources as carbon monoxide and carries with it similar health risks. In addition, it can also help produce another very dangerous chemical, ozone. Unlike CO, however, NO2 possesses a sharp and easily detectable smell and a reddish-brown color.

Reducing NO2 can be done using the same methods recommended to reduce CO. Since it is more easily detectable than radon or carbon monoxide, even without the aid of any equipment, it poses less of a threat, but you should never take anything for granted when it comes to a deadly chemical like this one.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – None.  Sources must be eliminated or reduced to safe levels.

6. Organic Gases

“Organic gases,” or “volatile organic compounds” (VOCs), is something of a catch-all term for gases that are emitted from many different sources. Among the common sources for VOCs identified by the EPA are paint, cleaning supplies, pesticides, glue, printers and photocopiers, permanent markers, and certain building materials. As you can see, your home probably has many VOC sources, so being aware of them is important.

The effects of organic gases are likewise various, and range from irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat to dizziness and nausea to even more serious problems, including cancer and damage to the central nervous system. Different gases have different levels of toxicity.

One way to limit the concentration of VOCs in your home is to store VOC-producing material outside when possible. Do not buy unnecessarily large quantities of things like cleaning supplies, so that they are not sitting unused in your home giving off gases. Also, use them in ventilated areas when you can and always follow manufacturer’s instructions—often they are there to help limit you exposure to the gases.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Minimal.  Some air purifiers can trap VOC particles but they must had the filtration system to accommodate, most don’t.

7. Respirable Particles

Respirable particles are simply small bits of matter that can easily be inhaled (“respire” is another word for “breathe”). Environmental tobacco smoke contributes to their presence, as do fireplaces, kerosene heaters, and wood stoves.

Respirable particles, like many other indoor air pollutants, can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, and they can also cause ailments such as bronchitis. They are a cause of cancer as well.

Reducing their presence can be accomplished by proper maintenance of the devices that cause them, by ensuring good ventilation, and by not smoking indoors. Homes without the sources listed above rarely have significant levels of repairable particles, so long as they are well ventilated.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Medium-High.  Depending on the model, some air purifiers are quite effective at removing particles from the air.

8. Formaldehyde

(Image Author: Simon Eugster)

Formaldehyde, or CH2O, is an organic compound that exists as a gas at room temperature. Formaldehyde is invisible, but has a distinctive pungent smell. Common sources of formaldehyde in the home include glues, environmental tobacco smoke, and textiles such as durable press drapes. But the top source of formaldehyde in most people’s homes is the presence of pressed wood containing urea-formaldehyde resins in building materials and furniture: this category includes particle board, hardwood plywood paneling, and, above all, medium-density fiberboard. Homes built in the 1970s were sometimes insulated with urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI), which is a major source of indoor formaldehyde pollution.

In high enough concentrations, formaldehyde can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, coughing, rashes, and fatigue. It may also be a cause of cancer and other serious health problems.

If you do not have UFFI as insulation in your home, you probably do not have excessive levels of formaldehyde. To keep formaldehyde at a minimum, reduce the humidity and moderate the temperature in your home. In the future, use exterior-grade pressed wood products, which release less formaldehyde because they have different resins.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Minimal-None.  Some air purifiers can remove a small amount gases but sources of formaldehyde pollution must be removed.

9. Pesticides

Pesticides’ very purpose is to kill, so clearly, you do not want to be continuously inhaling them at home. Pesticides release a variety of chemicals into the air. Pesticide containers in the home are the primary source of this pollutant, but pesticide can also be unwittingly tracked in from the yard by those who use them outside.

Pesticides can irritate the eyes, nose, and throat, and they are detrimental to the central nervous system and the kidneys. They are also associated with an increased risk of cancer.

To reduce the pesticides in your indoor environment, avoid using chemical pesticides when possible. If you do need to use them, follow instructions on the label, do not use excessive amounts, and make sure you keep the area well ventilated after use. Do not purchase more than you need, so that you don’t have extra pesticides resting unused in your home giving off fumes. It is best to store pesticides outside rather than inside. If you need the services of a pest-control company, check its credentials before you allow it to spray harmful chemicals in your house.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Minimal-None.  Pesticide sources should be stored outside the home.

10. Asbestos

Finally, asbestos is a type of magnesium silicate fiber that was once commonly used in home construction for its ability to insulate the home and resist fire. Asbestos fibers are so small that they can easily be inhaled by someone without the person knowing it. Today, many forms of asbestos are banned by the federal government, and even those that are not are rarely used. Therefore, asbestos is a major risk in older homes rather than newer ones.

Asbestos produces no immediate symptoms, so there are no early-warning signs. In the long term, it can contribute to abdominal cancer, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. There is even a condition known as asbestosis, which occurs when the fibers cause scarring in the lungs.

If your home has asbestos, this does not necessarily mean that you are in danger. If the asbestos is of good quality and left undisturbed, it will not release fibers into the air to be inhaled. If some operation needs to be performed on your home that might lead to the asbestos being disturbed, it is best to use professionals. If you are worried about asbestos levels in you home, the wise action may be to seal the asbestos off rather than try to remove it, which may just lead to more asbestos being released into the air.

Air Purifier Effectiveness – Varies.  Many air purifiers can filter asbestos particles suspended in the air column down to .3 microns.  However, asbestos sources should be removed by experts and surfaces cleaned if asbestos contamination is suspected.  Should never rely on an air purifier alone to deal with asbestos pollution.

Conclusion

As you can see, although there are numerous sources of indoor air pollution, many of them can be fought using relatively simple steps. Also, some actions will help to reduce multiple sources: keeping humidity in your house or apartment low, for example, and not storing excess chemical products inside. By being aware of the dangers and following the advice above, you may significantly improve the quality of the air you breathe at home. Remember also to ensure good ventilation, so that the sources you can’t completely eliminate will not stay trapped inside.

Sources referred to in this article:

  • Green Facts. “Scientific Facts on Air Pollution: Nitrogen Dioxide.” http://www.greenfacts.org/en/nitrogen-dioxide-no2/index.htm
  • United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. “The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality.” http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/450.html#Refguide
  • — . “Biological Pollutants in Your Home.” http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/425.html
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/pdfs/publications/training/short_ppt.pdf
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Asbestos.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/asbestos.html
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Formaldehyde.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/formalde.html
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Nitrogen Dioxide.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/no2.html
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Pesticides.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/pesticid.html
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Respirable Particles.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/rpart.html
  • — . “An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality: Volatile Organic Compounds.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/voc.html
  • Wikipedia. “Carbon Monoxide Poisoning.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning
  • — . “Formaldeyde.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde
  • — . “Health Effects of Radon.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_radon
  • — . “Nitrogen Dioxide.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide

Tiger Air Purifiers Guide

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Tiger Company Info

Tiger Corporation is a well-known company that is located in Kadoma City, Osaka, Japan. They have been in business since 1923, being a manufacturer of stylish kitchen accessories, including such products as rice cookers, kettles and coffee makers. Proud of all their small appliances, Tiger focuses on items that can be used on a daily basis, while improving the lives of their consumers. They promise and deliver satisfaction, which is why the company has a reputable standing in the Japanese market.

In 2002, the company expanded and opened the Japan Tiger Corp of USA branch located in Torrance, California. With a focus on maintaining stylish and contemporary products, the company introduced their first air purifier in 2005 called the Tiger Healthy-Aire Air Purifier. It is difficult to predict whether Tiger will expand their line to include more air cleaners, as this model is the only one on the market and remains a featured product through Tiger.

Only One Air Purifier Model Offered

The Tiger Healthy-Aire Air Purifier has received mixed reviews, especially since it is the only air purifier the company has offered over the last five years. Whether the company will offer more air cleaners is yet to be determined, but they have been proud to share this model with consumers across the US and Japan. Fortunately, the Tiger air cleaner is affordable. Some sellers have decided to stop selling the air purifier, suggesting a soft market, while others still stand behind this inventive unit.

Tiger Air Purifier Technology

Following suit with Tiger’s trendy products, the Healthy-Aire Air Purifier fits perfectly into this image. With a silver plastic house and blue screen, the unit is small, portable and convenient. When running on the ionization mode, the blue screen lights up with gentle illumination. On low speed, the unit is quiet and contaminants are able to enter the unit from three different sides for maximum cleaning.

Since Tiger focuses on products that improve lifestyle and are low maintenance, the air purifier has a remote control, as well as various fan speeds and timer delays. With its small and compact frame, the Healthy-Aire Air Purifier is ideal for undersized rooms that are 110 square feet or less, such as home offices, dorms and bedrooms. It removes odors and airborne particles using a two-stage filtration system as well as ionized air cleansing technology. The air cleaners are also fairly inexpensive to maintain, as they will need to be changed out every two years.

Currently, Tiger Corporation is only offering one air purifier. This model can be purchased directly through Tiger or through outside vendors.

UV Air Purifier Guide

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Introduction: Ultraviolet Light

Ultraviolet (UV) light is a form of radiation with very short wavelengths—too short to be perceived by the human eye. This form of energy is called “ultraviolet” because it has shorter wavelengths than violet light, which has the shortest waves of any kind of visible light.

Although UV radiation can be dangerous, and you can often hear reports about the dangers of UV rays coming from the sun, ultraviolet light is not always detrimental to humans and has a variety of uses. Some air purifiers include specialized lights that produce ultraviolet rays as a way to kill living pollutants.

EPA Studies – Effectiveness of UV Air Purifiers

Based on the available test information, the actual success rate of UV purifiers is mixed. According to the EPA’s official guide on indoor air cleaners, well-designed ultraviolet air cleaners are able to:

Air Purifiers

 

“[Air purifiers] reduce the viability of vegetative bacteria and molds and to provide low to moderate reductions in viruses but little, if any, reduction in bacterial and mold spores.”

Factors Influencing UV Air Purifier Effectiveness

It also states that various factors influence the effectiveness of UV purifiers, including

  • UV irradiation dose
  • System design and application
  • System operation characteristics
  • Microorganism targeted for deactivation.

Thus not all UV air purifiers are the same, and UV lights will be more or less useful depending on the environment they are placed in.

Furthermore, tests have shown that UV cleaning alone does not reduce dust mite problems or allergic reactions to mold—the latter because mold is still dangerous to humans even if it is dead. The Environmental Protection Agency states that the only solution to mold is to have it removed. Ultimately, the EPA declares that further testing is necessary in order to better understand just how useful ultraviolet air cleaners really are.

Conclusion – Ultraviolet Air Purification Effectiveness

  • Well designed systems can reduce vegetative bacteria, molds, and some viruses
  • Little if any reduction in bacteria or mold spores
  • Ineffective against particles like dust or dust mites
  • Further research is needed to measure absolute effectiveness

Sources referred to in this article:

  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Residential Air Cleaners (Second Edition): A Summary of Available Information — Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Cleaners.” http://www.epa.gov/iedweb00/pubs/residair.html#Ultraviolet_Germicidal_Irradiation_Cleaners
  • Wikipedia. “Ultraviolet.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet

 

Vollara Air Purifiers Guide

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Vollara Company Information

Vollara is a company that manufactures and distributes products related to weight loss and health. Examples of their products include dietary supplements, weight loss pills and air purifiers. Vollara is not the first incarnation of this particular company. The company was founded in 1986 under the name of Alpine Industries, and later changed its name to Ecoquest International. Ecoquest International was purchased by Aerus Holdings LLC in 2010, which in turn is owned by Engles Urso Follmer Capital Corporation. Vollara is related to Elextrolux, USA, another company owned by Engles Urso Follmer.

Company Claims and Past FTC Troubles

Vollara says it creates products that are in line with their core values of environmentalism, science, integrity and government regulations. However, when the company was known as Alpine Industries and Ecoquest International, it ran into a lot of trouble due to their health claims regarding their air purifiers.

In 2000, the Federal Trade Commission and US Justice Department ordered the company to stop claiming that their air purifiers provided relief from medical conditions or were effective in removing pollutants from their air. The FTC said that Alpine and Ecoquest did not have reliable scientific evidence supporting these claims.

When Ecoquest was bought and renamed Vollara, many hoped that the company would turn over a new leaf. However, from the start Vollara has not done a good job regaining consumers’ trust, especially when Vollara decided to cancel warranty coverage on products sold by Ecoquest.

Vollara Air Purification Technology

The company touts its ActivePure technology but barely explains how it works. It describes ActivePure technology as basically diluting hydrogen peroxide and misting it through the air, and says it uses hydroxyl-producing photo-oxidation. One marketing pamphlet explains that

“technology is the stuff in your box that makes the…thing happen…that’s really all there is to know…”

Vollara claims that ActivePure is the same technology used to purify air in space shuttles. According to university studies, ActivePure can kill over 99.99% of bacteria, viruses and mold, including Staph and the Avian Bird Flu.

Vornado Air Purifiers Guide

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Vornado Company Info

Vornado is a manufacturer of air purifiers, humidifiers, heaters, and personal circulators. These fans became popular very quickly due to their performance and power. These early Vornado’s propelled them as a company that would become known for product durability and innovative technology.

Vornado Air Circulation Technology

Throughout the 1940’s and beyond, Vornado was known as a company on the cutting edge of the the air purifying and cooling industry. In Andover, Kansas, in 1989, a new Vornado company was founded and created what was known as the first “whole room circulator”. The performance of a Vornado product is enhanced by the signature vortex action that is a feature of their products. These four proprietary components are only found in the technology presented by Vornado.

Unlike other fans and heaters, Vornado’s Vortex Action enables the air to be distributed equally through the room and not just around the air of the unit. It was soon found that this same Vortex Action could be applied to other products, which is what has propelled the Vornado’s Whole Room Air Purifiers to being recognized in the industry. Due to the the highly efficient design and unique technology, Vornado air purifiers still have a strong reputation in the industry today.

Consumer and Critical Acclaim

Vornado strives to continue producing innovative products that are more effective and intuitive as well as safer and quieter than anyone else in the industry. The air flow products that they produce present a quality and durability that seems to be appreciated by consumers. Their reputation is backed by their former model, the AQS35, receiving high rankings from Consumer Reports, Amazon.com, and epinions.com. The new AQS 500 is currently available for around $100.

Clean Air Delivery Rate Certified

Vornado air purifiers are certified by AHAM, the Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers. This organization is responsible for certifying testing results of certain household products, such as air purifiers, dehumidifiers, and air room conditioners. This seal can be found on many appliances and is a good indicator of a reliable, quality product. The certified rating given to air purifiers is known as CADR, or Clean Air Delivery Rate. The three CADR numbers refer to the amount of smoke, dust and pollen being filtered out of the air.

Westinghouse Air Purifiers Guide

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Westinghouse offers a indoor air quality equipment that can be installed on new or existing HVAC systems as well as a line of portable air purification units for different sized rooms. These units are designed to target indoor air pollutants such as mold, dust, pollen, chemicals, pet dander and tobacco smoke.

Portable Indoor Air Purifiers

Westinghouse produces three portable air filtration units that are ideal for single rooms, workshops and offices. They boast a “whisper-quiet technology” and the unit itself occupies very little space. Contaminated air passes through a pre-filter, a HEPA filter, a carbon filter, a bacterial prevention filter and a complex silicon filter that absorbs kitchen odors.

HVAC Whole House Air Cleaners

Westinghouse makes a line of indoor air quality products designed to be attached directly to the HVAC units in commercial and residential properties. They can be installed either as a retrofit or as part of a new energy-efficient home unit.

Westinghouse’s Dual Air Cleaning system uses a HEPA filter to clean the dirty air as it enters the HVAC unit from the main vents. This filtered air is deflected into an Electrostatic Media Air Cleaner which removes additional airborne pollutants. By that time the air enters the furnace or air handler, it has had 99.9% of particulates down to 0.3 microns in size removed from the air stream. This greatly enhances the performance and lifetime of the HVAC unit while providing clean air to the entire house — which prevents a buildup of mold and mildew — and many other airborne contaminants that trigger respiratory issues and cause deterioration of structures.

The Westinghouse In-Duct Air Purifier uses the Sanuvox High Efficiency UV system which has a “Turbulator” to slow the air as it moves over a UV “J” Lamp. This dramatically increases the ultra violet lights’ ability to kill harmful contaminants in the airstream. They are installed inside HVAC ducts and activated when the ventilation fan switches on, although they are designed to run 24 hours a day. The only maintenance required is replacing the lamp.

What Causes Bad Indoor Air Quality?

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Air Pollution – Not Just in Big Cities

Although for most people the term “air pollution” conjures up such images as smog hovering over a city or black smoke pouring into the sky out of heavy industrial buildings, the fact is that air pollution is an indoor phenomenon as well, and one that can affect unsuspecting people while they work, when they go out to eat or find entertainment, and even when they are in their homes. And though it is very easy to fail to notice it compared to more visible or dramatic threats to our well-being, indoor air pollution can pose serious health risks when we are exposed to too much of it.

2.7% of the entire global burden of disease is caused by exposure to indoor air pollutants – World Health Organization

The World Health Organization claims that 2.7% of the entire global burden of disease is caused by exposure to indoor air pollutants. This seems even worse when we consider how easy it is to take certain steps to reduce indoor pollution, such as not smoking, maintaining proper ventilation, and using an air filter.

Causes of Indoor Air Pollution

What causes this too-often overlooked phenomenon? There are many causes of air pollution in homes, workplaces, and elsewhere. These sources are very diverse and sometimes pose different kinds and degrees of health risks. To gain a fuller understanding of the magnitude of the problem, it will perhaps be helpful to examine some of causes of air pollution inside buildings.

Materials That Release Gasses

According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and the Environmental Protection Agency, indoor air pollution primarily results from “sources that release gases or particles into the air.” These can include fairly common household combustion sources such as fireplaces and those chemicals that are used in indoor cooking, such as the gas in a gas oven. Other chemicals are released by building materials, most infamously asbestos, but also paint, certain types of pressed wood used to make furniture, and even wet carpets. Household cleaning or personal grooming products are other common ways that we introduce chemicals into our environment without giving the matter much thought. Heating and air conditioning devices can also contribute to indoor air pollution, as can humidifiers.

Second-hand Smoke

The consumption of tobacco while indoors also contributes to air pollution. As if the health problems that directly result from smoking were not enough, we must also consider the threat posed as a result of consuming tobacco products inside. Sadly, the health detriments of smoking do not stop when the cigarette (or cigar, or pipe) goes out. Exposure to second-hand smoke that has built up inside a home or business where smoking has occurred is highly dangerous.

For example, the EPA estimates that second-hand smoke is responsible for causing or worsening asthma symptoms for up to a million children every year, as well as causing respiratory infections that annually send thousands of children to the hospital and affect hundreds of thousands more. Among adults, second-hand smoke can cause problems like lung cancer and heart disease. These facts make smoking in a confined area a very risky proposition, especially when one considers how easily it can be avoided.

Pests & Pets

Other sources of air pollution are the various life forms we unwillingly share our buildings with. These include pests, mold, bacteria, and plants. Cockroaches and dust mites, for instance, are not undesirable just because they are ugly and germ-ridden. They also leave behind allergens wherever they go. These allergens settle onto surfaces such as the floor or furniture. Although they do not stay floating in our indoor atmospheres for long, when we vacuum or dust, we stir these particles up and release them once again into the air, where we, or those we share our living or working space with, can inhale them. According to the American Lung Association, this debris can trigger allergic reactions and asthma attacks, and may even be responsible for causing asthma to develop among the very young.

Nor do air pollutants come only from unwelcome “guests” like mites and roaches. Unfortunately, pets too cause similar problems by leaving dander behind them. In fact, the ALA points out, many of the harmful substances released by dogs and cats are lighter in weight than those released by the pests discussed above. This means that they are constantly floating in the air and do not need to be stirred up by human activity. Inhaling this matter can cause irritation of the respiratory system, rashes, and lung damage.

Poor Ventilation

As might be expected, poor ventilation and filtration will greatly exacerbate the pollution caused by indoor air pollutants by trapping them inside. A poorly ventilated fireplace, for example, or an air conditioning unit whose owner does not regularly replace its filter as directed by the manufacturer, can become seriously detrimental to the air quality of a home. The air inside will become saturated with chemicals, such as carbon monoxide or nitrogen dioxide, that can irritate the eyes or throat, and that are capable of causing serious health problems, including bronchitis and lung cancer.

Outdoor Pollutants Entering the Home

So far we have discussed common causes of indoor air pollution that originate from within the building itself. On top of these indoor sources, however, outdoor air pollutants can easily find their way inside as well. Most of the usual outdoor air pollutants can end up causing pollution indoors as well. Outside air will infiltrate an enclosed space through many avenues: open doors and windows are obvious examples, but even small cracks in walls, floors, and ceilings let outside substances in. Fans and other ventilation systems stir up the air, which moves from room to room as well as from the outside in.

These are only some of the more common causes of indoor air pollution. Some of them, such as smoking, can be remedied through simple means, but others are best combated through the use of an air purifier, which removes toxins from the air before they reach your lungs.

Summary of Indoor Air Quality Problems

  • Fireplaces
  • Gas ovens & stoves
  • Building materials (paint, asbestos, pressed wood, wet carpets, etc.)
  • Cleaning products
  • Personal grooming products (Hair sprays & other aerosols)
  • Tobacco smoke
  • Pests (cockroaches, dust mites, etc.)
  • Mold
  • Bacteria
  • Plants
  • Pets
  • Heating & air conditioning units with dirty filters
  • Pollen
  • Smog

Can Air Purifiers Help With Indoor Air Pollution?

Air purifiers can help with some of these problems (i.e. pollen, some tobacco smoke, some airborne mold & bacteria particles) but are not a total solution.  Removing pollutants at the source wherever possible and giving your home proper ventilation are the best solutions.

Sources referred to in this article:

  • American Lung Association. “Cockroaches and Pests.” http://www.lungusa.org/healthy-air/home/resources/cockroaches-and-pests.html
  • —. “Pet Dander.” http://www.lungusa.org/healthy-air/home/resources/pet-dander-1.html
  • —. “Secondhand Smoke.” http://www.lungusa.org/stop-smoking/about-smoking/health-effects/secondhand-smoke.html
  • United States Consumer Product Safety Commission. “The Inside Story: A Guide to Indoor Air Quality.” http://www.cpsc.gov/cpscpub/pubs/450.html
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Indoor Air Quality.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/index.html
  • —. “Respirable Particles.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/rpart.html
  • —. “Sources of Combustion Products.” http://www.epa.gov/iaq/combust.html
  • —. “Smoke Free Homes and Cars Program.” http://www.epa.gov/smokefree/index.html
  • World Health Organization. “Indoor Air Pollution.” http://www.who.int/indoorair/en/

What Happened to Ionic Breeze?

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The Ionic Breeze Air Purifier is popular for its effectiveness in purifying indoor air.
I recommend considering the Ionic Breeze PURIFY 9 Air Cleaner model.
It has gained a reputation for exceptional performance and advanced features.
For a comprehensive review of the Ionic Breeze PURIFY 9 Air Cleaner.
In summary, the Ionic Breeze PURIFY 9 Air Cleaner is an excellent choice for air purification.

A History

Some people who are considering purchasing an air purifier for their homes may have heard about Ionic Breeze, which for a time was a very big name in the world of home air purifiers. This article will examine what the Ionic Breeze was and what happened to it.

What was Ionic Breeze?

Ionic Breeze was a product of The Sharper Image, a brand specializing in high-tech products which at its peak operated over 180 stores in the United States, alongside an extensive online presence. Possibly because this process seemed more high-tech or cutting-edge than traditional air filters, Ionic Breeze was a popular filter for a time, and sold more than two million units.

The First Consumer Reports Article and the Resulting Lawsuit

Unfortunately, the hype surrounding Ionic Breeze failed to live up to the facts, and this proved to be not only a frustrating experience for those who purchased one, but also the downfall of its maker, The Sharper Image.

The controversy began in the year 2003, when Consumer Reports, a magazine dedicated to testing and evaluating consumer products, released a report on air filters that doubting Ionic Breeze’s claims to purify the air. The report found that ionic air filters such as the Ionic Breeze have a low Clean Air Delivery Rate when compared to traditional HEPA filters. HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters trap airborne particles in a fiber mat, and have been in use for many decades.

Not surprisingly, The Sharper Image was angered by the Consumer Reports article. They sued the magazine’s publisher, Consumer’s Union, claiming that the methods used for testing in the article did not give an accurate picture of the Ionic Breeze’s effectiveness. The lawsuit was ultimately dismissed, however, and The Sharper Image was forced to pay over half a million dollars to cover the legal fees of Consumer’s Union.

Further Consumer Reports Articles and the End of The Sharper Image

This was not the end of the negative publicity for the Ionic Breeze. Consumer Reports issued a second article in 2005 that was even more damaging than the first. Not only did the Ionic Breeze (as well as other ionic air purifiers) fail to significantly improve indoor air quality, it also released trace amounts of ozone into the air. Although The Sharper Image attempted to deny the report’s accuracy, it was generally accepted, and sales never recovered.

The magazine later also issued a report denying the value of the “seals of approval” given to filters such as the ionic breeze. And when The Sharper Image announced a new “OzoneGuard” attachment to reduce the amount of ozone released by the its signature air filter, Consumer Reports panned the device as ineffective.

A class-action lawsuit soon arose against The Sharper Image in response to these revelations. By 2008, the company went bankrupt, and it closed down all its stores by the end of that year. The company’s name is now used as a product brand that is sold via an online store and through various home-and-office style retailers.

What Ozone Is and Why It Is Dangerous

Most people, even if they do not know what ozone is, have heard of it, usually in context of the ozone layer in the atmosphere that protects the earth from ultraviolet light. However, ozone is not so benevolent a substance when we come into close contact with it. As the Environmental Protection Agency says: “Good Up High, Bad Nearby.”

Ozone is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms, rather than the two that comprise a “normal” oxygen molecule. The third atom can relatively easily become detached from the other two, and once free, it will interact with other substances. One of these “other substances” is your body. According to the EPA small amouts of ozone

“can cause chest pain, coughing, shortness of breath, and throat irritation”

as well as even worse effects.

In other words, those who purchase ozone-generating air purifiers to improve their indoor air quality may discover that the “solution” is worse than the problem. For instance, one Ionic Breeze owner interviewed by Consumer Reports claimed to have experienced a “dramatic reduction” in her asthma symptoms a mere two days after she turned off the device.

Conclusion

Although the Ionic Breeze initially had great appeal, eventually its design flaws were exposed. The story of its rise and fall can serve as a lesson to those looking for air purifiers to be aware of what they are buying. Especially, they should stay away from any “purifier” that releases ozone into the air. Indoor air pollution is a big enough problem without adding another harmful toxin into the mix.

Sources referred to in this article:

  • Consumer Affairs. “Ionic Breeze Suit Drives Sharper Image into Bankruptcy.” http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/02/sharper_image.html
  • Consumer Reports. “Air Cleaners: The Truth Behind the Accolades.” http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/appliances/heating-cooling-and-air/air-cleaners/ionizing-air-cleaners-air-cleaners-the-truth-behind-the-accolades-505/index.htm
  • — . “Proposed Settlement in Sharper Image Air Purifiers Case.” http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/home-garden/news/2007/02/settlement-in-sharper-image-ionic-breeze-class-action-2-07/overview/0702_sharper-image.htm
  • Huffman, Mark (Consumer Affairs). “Ionic Breeze Suit Drives Sharper Image into Bankruptcy.” http://www.consumeraffairs.com/news04/2008/02/sharper_image.html
  • Maxwell, Bud (eHow.com). “Ionic Breeze Air Purifier Problems.” http://www.ehow.com/about_5569141_ionic-breeze-air-purifier-problems.html
  • MSNBC. “Consumer Reports calls air purifier ‘unhealthy.'” http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7391185/
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. “Ozone Generators that Are Sold as Air Cleaners.” https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/ozone-generators-are-sold-air-cleaners
  • Wikipedia. “Air Ioniser.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_ioniser
  • — . “HEPA.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEPA
  • — . “The Sharper Image.” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sharper_Image

What Airbourne Toxins can be Removed by a Holmes Desktop Air Purifier?

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Question

I currently have been using a desktop holmes air hepa air purifier (HLSHAP242UC), but it does not seem to remove some harmful indoor toxins. What airborne toxins can not be removed by such hepa air purifiers as this? the area is small and even with new filters there is little difference. is it possible chemical vapors are present and can’t be removed? Thank you.

-David Parker

Answer

Hi David,

Your Holmes air purifier is not rated under the clean air delivery rate program so I cannot be sure how well it removes particles from the air.  Generally speaking, HEPA filters do the best job of removing small particles but they will not filter any gasses at all.  Keep in mind a HEPA filter alone is not indicative of whether or not an air purifier is effective.  It needs a strong fan to draw in air and a tight enclosure that does not leak the air it draws in.

My opinion is that most of the smaller air purifier models are not very effective in cleaning the air because their fans are typically not powerful enough to move enough air through the filter.

I am not sure what toxins you are most concerned about.  See our guide to indoor air pollution which lists the most common forms of home pollutants and how effective air purifiers are in dealing with them.

What is the Chinese model number for the Sharp Plasmacluster FPP60CX?

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Question

Hello, I am hoping you can help me. I live in China, but originally from America. I want to buy a Sharp Plasmacluster FPP60CX; but it seems like the model numbers in China are not the same. Because I do not read Madarin, I am having a hard time figuring out what “Chinese model” number corresponds to the model I would like to buy. So far, it seems like SHARP Air Prurifier KJF240NA_S FU_4031NA_S would be it, but I am not sure. Can you please help me?

-Sofia F.

Answer

Oh the joys of worldwide air purifier distribution!  Unfortunately it looks like the Sharp Plasmacluster FPP60CX is now out of stock/discontinued which is going to make a comparison difficult.  Unfortunately we don’t speak Mandarin either!

My best advice is to head over to the site called TheBeijinger.  There is a good community of English speakers over there that have talked about air purifiers in the past and they may be able to help with recommendations and translation issues.

Once you are able to translate the China Sharp products, look for air purifiers that have very similar features and specifications as the Sharp Plasmacluster FPP60CX.  If there is a close match, you can bet you are getting a model very similar (or exactly the same) as the one you are looking for.  Good luck and I’m sorry I couldn’t help further!

What is the Effectiveness of High Potential Particle Filters?

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Question

I have a couple of questions: can you comment on the effectiveness of the HPP (high potential particle) filter for which a patent is pending? It is used in the Stadler Form Viktor air purifier and I am interested in its effectiveness at filtering industrial pollution. In particular, does it have ability to filter out the following respirable particulate matter: silicon, aluminum, calcium, manganese, iron, vanadium, nickel, cadmium, hydrocarbons, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, nitrates, sulphates and ammonium. I also own an IQ air purifier and would be interested in knowing your view on its ability to filter out the above-listed. Thank you very much for your help. Your website is very useful and informative.

-Alexandra Milenov

Answer

After doing a little research, it looks like the high potential particle filter used in the Viktor models uses some kind of magnetic field technology.  This is a new one to us and I can’t really comment on its effectiveness.  Generally speaking, I am a bit skeptical about new technologies that aren’t widely used.  Sometimes they are more for marketing but until scientific studies show one way or another on the effectiveness of magnetic fields for particle filtering, I am afraid I don’t have much to comment on.

As for the IQ Air, if it is the Health Pro Plus model, it can filter down to .003 microns.   Given the particulate matter you are interested in, it sounds like you are looking for an air purifier that will work in certain industrial use situations.  I would recommend looking at what IQ Air offers for commercial use.  Even though a room type air purifier may be able to filter those particles, they are only rated for certain sizes of rooms.  In commercial situations, rooms are often larger and thus need multiple room size air purifiers or other solutions that can filter larger areas.

Whirlpool Air Purifiers Guide

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Whirlpool Air Purifier Technology

Whirlpool has three separate models of air purifiers to accommodate different sized rooms. All of the units contain a carbon pre-filter and a True HEPA filter that captures particulates down to 0.3 microns and removes 99.97% of the airborne particulates. All of the Whirlpool air purification units have a basic exchange rate of 4.8 times per hour, and the largest model has a turbo feature for quicker air purification. T

he double filtration system will remove airborne allergies such as dust, pollen, mold spores, pet dander, fabric fibers and tobacco smoke. All units carry a 30-day Money Back Quiet Guarantee and a 5 year limited warranty — with a four year guarantee against engine burn out — and are ENERGY STAR® qualified.

Replacement Filters

Whirlpool air purifiers and replacement filters are sold by Master Brands HK LTD, who is licensed to distribute their products. Whirlpool uses the 3M Filtrete True HEPA® filter that requires a yearly replacement, which costs from $80.00 to $100 per filter depending on the size of the model. The charcoal pre-filters have to be replaced four times a year, and are typically sold in packs of four and cost $28.00 to $39.00 a package.

In 2009, there was a production gap and the medium-sized air purifier model — the Whispure 450 Series –was discontinued due to slow sales because many builders dropped it from their inventory. This model was reintroduced in 2010 by popular demand.

Consumer Reports Ratings

Whirlpool air purifiers have received top ratings on Consumer Reports reviews and ranks just below the higher priced models like the Blueair 501 or 601 or the Kenmore 85264. In 2005, Whirlpool was rated the second most popular air filter out of 30, and was featured as a best “quickie” recommendation. The fan is run by a Quiet Partner® System that ranks 8 out of 10 for noise level, with complaints about the some speeds being too loud for normal conversation.

Consumer Complaints

Criticisms of the Whirlpool air purification models include ineffective odor removal since the carbon filter is not highly ranked for VOC purification. Complaints about the frequency of filter changes are common. They are not effective against MCS or chemical contamination and do not produce ozone. It has also been noted that cigarette smoking fouls the pre-filter quickly. But overall, Whirlpool models score an 8 out of 10 ranking for customer reviews, and Whirlpool claims that their units have been ranked number one by consumers as the preferred brand for their category, although they don’t give specific references.

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Whirlpool Air Purifier Models

The three models of Whirlpool air purification systems available are:

  • AP25030K Whispure™ Air Purifier – Ideal for a small room up to 320 square feet with a Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of 150 smoke, 160 dust and 170 pollen, this model retails at $249.99 with free shipping. It measures 10″ deep and is 19″ high and 14″ wide. Features include a 3-speed variable fan that can be adjusted to determine the rate of air exchange. This highly portable unit has built-in handles so it is easy to move from room to room. There are two separate filter change lights, one for the HEPA and one for the charcoal filter.
  • AP45030K Whispure™ – This model is designed for medium-sized rooms up to 420 square feet and has a Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) of 320 smoke, 330 dust and 330 pollen and retails for $299.99 with free shipping. The portable unit includes built-in handles and two separate filter change lights, one for the charcoal and one for the HEPA filter. The unit stands 22″ high and is 17 3/4″ wide by 11 1/2″ deep and can be put flush with a wall without affecting the air exchange performance.
  • AP51030K Whispure™ – For large rooms up to 500 square feet, this unit retails for $349.99 with free shipping. The Clean Air Delivery Rate (CADR) is 316, with a capture rate of dust at 330, tobacco smoke at 330 and pollen at 288. This unit has a 4-speed fan which includes a sleep mode that saves energy as well as a turbo setting for quick air exchange. The unit weighs 26 pounds and measures 10″ deep, 24 ” high and is 20″ wide.

Why Indoor Air is More Polluted Than Outdoor Air?

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EPA Warns About Air Quality In Your Home

It’s the third straight day in a heat spell, with the mercury soaring into the 80s and 90s. The weatherman reports that there’s no relief in sight, noting further that the low pressure front responsible for the temperature spike is also keeping the pollutants from automobiles suspended overhead in a dull brown haze. The air quality index is bad, he tells you. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is urging citizens, whenever possible, to work from home; and further cautioning individuals with asthma or other reactive airway conditions to avoid breathing the toxic air.

When you hear a warning like this, understandably you feel anxious. But did you know that the Environmental Protection Agency has issued similar warnings about the inside of your own home? You may be surprised to learn that much of the time, the air inside your own home can be even more polluted and hazardous to your health than the air outside.

Who’s at risk? People who spend the most time inside their homes, which is to say the very young, the very old, the chronically ill – and their caretakers. Researchers say these individuals may spend as much as 90% of their time indoors. But the rest of us, who spend anywhere between 65% and 90% of our time in our homes, are also at risk.

Sources of Indoor Air Pollution

Lack of Ventilation

What’s the ventilation like inside your home? If you live in those parts of the United States affected by winter, chances are your home is winter-proofed. While insulating, sealing and caulking your home may keep out the chill, these techniques can also make your home so airtight there’s no way indoor dust, tobacco smoke, other combustion products or other pollutants can diffuse into the outer air. That means they stay trapped inside your home – where you inhale them at the risk of your health.

In order to maintain circulation, you will need to increase the amount of outside air coming into your home. Open windows and doors when weather permits. Run exhaust fans in your kitchen and bathroom with outside ventilation system. Make sure all gas appliances like stoves, dryers and water heaters have vents going to the outside, and in the summer time, run your air conditioner with the vent open.

Painting a room? Open a window if you can and make sure the overhead fan is on. It’s particularly important to observe precautions designed to minimize exposure to pollutants any time you use paint, cleaning solutions, pesticides or solvents containing potentially harmful chemicals.

Dust & Dust Mites

The main source of indoor pollution is common dust. For every six rooms in your house (approximately 1,500 square feet), approximately 40 pounds of dust is generated in a single year. Dust is an accumulation of textile fibers from upholstery, drapes, pillows, linens and other furnishings in your home, as well as flakes of human skin, pet dander, animal hair, insects, food particles, pollen, mold spores, insulation – and dust mites.

For every six rooms in your house (approximately 1,500 square feet), approximately 40 pounds of dust is generated in a single year

You may prefer to think of dust particulate as inanimate – but it’s not. It’s home to a veritable plantation of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, also known as the common dust mite. It’s been estimated a single gram of dust contains 100 to 500 mites. Dust mites don’t bite, nor do they spread disease, but people with reactive airway diseases are often severely allergic to their droppings.

Dust collects on surfaces, so it stands to reason that the fewer surfaces you have in your house – the fewer knickknacks, books, tables piled high with magazines you haven’t yet gotten around to reading – the less dust you will accumulate. Remove as many dust-collecting items from your house as possible. A vacuum cleaner can actually contribute to your dust problem unless it’s the high efficiency filtering model. Dust mites thrive in moist conditions so be sure get rid of any excess moisture or water in your home. If you use a humidifier, be sure to fill it with fresh water daily, and clean it often according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Tobacco Smoke

Tobacco smoke is a known carcinogen, as well as a primary factor in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. A number of studies have also conclusively linked tobacco smoke to heart disease.

Secondhand tobacco smoke is a combination of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette or a cigar, and the fumes exhaled by smokers. It is particularly dangerous to children whose lungs are immature and still developing, and whose respiratory rates are higher than that of adults. Babies exposed to secondhand smoke have a higher incidence of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Children exposed to secondhand smoke stand a greater chance of developing asthma (even if they’ve never before exhibited symptoms), suffer from ear infections and develop pulmonary complications like pneumonia and bronchitis. Elderly people exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of developing dementia.

How do you control the harmful effects of tobacco smoke? Stop smoking yourself, and never let anyone smoke within your home or in your car.

Stoves, Heaters, Fireplaces, and Chimneys

Tobacco smoke is not the only product of combustion that may be hazardous to your health. Wood stoves, fireplaces, gas stoves, kerosene and gas space heaters can be sources of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide gas, as well as particulate matter that can lodge in your lungs, causing damage.

A persistent, yellow-tipped flame is generally the sign of a malfunctioning kerosene or gas space heater, and is a warning that pollutants are being produced: when the equipment is operating correctly, its flame is blue. Make sure that you’re using the proper fuels and adjusting the heater according to the manufacturer’s directions. Never close the door to a room in which you are operating a space heater; weather permitting, always open the window a crack.

When using a wood stove, make sure that the door is fitted and use cured (dry) wood. Stove hoods with fans venting to the outside reduces your exposure to potentially harmful substances while you are cooking.

Volatile Organic and Inorganic Compounds

Paints, solvents, clothes just back from the cleaners, air fresheners, aerosol sprays can all be sources of pollution from organic compounds.

Formaldehyde, a preservative and bonding agent, is commonly found in particle board and pressed wood furniture. Symptoms of formaldehyde exposure may include watering eyes, nausea and difficulty breathing that manifests as a burning or choking sensation in the throat. To reduce exposure, make sure to ask about the formaldehyde content of any new pressed wood furniture you’re thinking of purchasing, and buy “exterior-grade” particle board whenever possible: exterior-grade pressed wood products contain phenol resins in place of more toxic urea resins.

Radon

Radon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas, implicated in 21,000 deaths from lung cancer a year according to the EPA. Radon comes from the natural breakdown of small amounts of uranium in water, soil and rock. Radon easily infiltrates building structures. Do-it-yourself radon tests are sold in hardware stores to help people determine whether their homes have been exposed to radon. Professional radon testing is often part of the process of vetting a home that’s been put up for sale. If you smoke and your home is positive for radon, you stand an increased risk of developing lung cancer.

The most effective way of ridding a home of radon is through the use of a soil suction radon reduction system consisting of a vent pipe system and a fan; this is designed to pull radon from the atmosphere inside the home and vent it to the outside. Repairing cracks in your home’s foundation is also highly recommended.

Indoor Pollution: Tips For Apartment Dwellers

Indoor pollution can be just as much of a problem for people who live in apartments as it is for people who live in homes. In most instances, the same preventive steps that allow home dwellers to reduce harmful exposure will also work for apartment dwellers.

In some instances, however – for example, testing for potential radon exposure – an apartment dweller will have to enlist the aid and support of his or her landlord or apartment manager.

     Sources Used in This Article:

Ventilation:

  • American Lung Association: http://www.lungusa.org/healthy-air/home/healthy-air-at-home/prevent-problems.html

Dust:

  • http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/controlling-dust-and-dander-in-your-home.html

Dust mites:

  • University of Nebraska-Lincoln: http://lancaster.unl.edu/pest/resources/DustMites311.shtml

Secondhand smoke:

  • American Academy of Neurology: http://www.aan.com/press/index.cfm?fuseaction=release.view&release=467
  • American Lung Association in Washington: http://www.alaw.org/air_quality/indoor_air_quality/

Other Sources of Combustion:

  • http://www.pollutionissues.com/Ho-Li/Indoor-Air-Pollution.html

Formaldehyde:

  • Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/formalde.html

Radon exposure:

  • Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/radon/index.html

Apartment Dwellers:

  • Environmental Protection Agency: http://www.epa.gov/iaq/is-apart.html

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